On a conformal map the shapes (of countries, islands, continents, etc.) are the same as they are on Earth’s surface or a globe. The trade-off is that area is exaggerated. Shape: A map that preserve shape are called Conformal. That which is preserved is one way to classifying map projection. A map project can preserve the accuracy of some aspects of the arrangement and characteristics of features, but at the cost of something else. When projecting Earth’s surface onto a planar (flat) surface something is lost, or given up. Organization of Chapter and Key Aspects of Map Projections Maps of countries, continents, and the world, show their map projection distortions readily. All maps are projections, but only on small scale maps (remember representational fraction) does the distortion of the projection become readily apparent to anyone but a keen observer (like a student of geomatics). This is the map’s scale (see and Scale chapter for a definition of cartographic scale). In addition to going from round (and 3-D) to flat, the representation must be reduced in size. When Earth’s surface is converted (projected) from 3 dimensions to 2 dimensions, there are trade-offs. An important step in the simplification is taking the surface of Earth and presenting it on a flat (planar) surface. As we’ve learned, Earth is large and complicated, but we can simplify it so the information we want to display can be preserved, represented, and analyzed.
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